In reply to room34.

FYI, in a german WordPress also with the current No Nonsense plugin release, the term is already translated "Willkommen" in No Nonsense plugin settings but not removed from admin bar.

Simple fix, replace this line:

'title' => str_replace('Howdy, ', '', $my_account->title),

With this line:

'title' => str_replace(str_replace('%s', '', __('Howdy, %s')), '', $my_account->title),

Problem solved no matter what the system language is set to. And you might want to get/print the correct term from __('Howdy, %s') for plugin settings description as well.